The Constituion Essays - Religion And Politics, State Religion

The Constituion Essays - Religion And Politics, State Religion The Constituion A case for the connection of America?s colonial and revolutionary religious and political experiences to the basic principles of the Constitution can be readily made. One point in favor of this conclusion is the fact that most Americans at that time had little beside their experiences on which to base their political ideas. This is due to the lack of advanced schooling among common Americans at that time. Other points also concur with the main idea and make the theory of the connection plausible. Much evidence to support this claim can be found in the wording of the Constitution itself. Even the Preamble has an important idea that arose from the Revolutionary period. The first line of the Preamble states, "We the People of the United States..." This implies that the new government that was being formed derived its sovereignty from the people, which would serve to prevent it from becoming corrupt and disinterested in the people, as the framers believed Britain?s government had become. If the Bill of Rights is considered, more supporting ideas become evident. The First Amendment?s guarantee of religious freedom could have been influenced by the colonial tradition of relative religious freedom. This tradition was clear even in the early colonies, like Plymouth, which was formed by Puritan dissenters from England seeking religious freedom. Roger Williams, the proprietor of Rhode Island, probably made an even larger contribution to this tradition by advocating and allowing complet e religious freedom. William Penn also contributed to this idea in Pennsylvania, where the Quakers were tolerant of other denominations. In addition to the tradition of religious tolerance in the colonies, there was a tradition of self-government and popular involvement in government. Nearly every colony had a government with elected representatives in a legislature, which usually made laws largely without interference from Parliament or the king. Jamestown, the earliest of the colonies, had an assembly, the House of Burgesses, which was elected by the property owners of the colony. Maryland developed a system of government much like Britain?s, with a representative assembly, the House of Delegates, and the governor sharing power. The Puritan colony in Massachusetts originally had a government similar to a corporate board of directors with the first eight stockholders, called "freemen" holding power. Later, the definition of "freemen" grew to include all male citizens, and the people were given a strong voice in their own government. This tradition of religious and political autonomy continued into the revolutionary period. In 1765, the colonists convened the Stamp Act Congress, which formed partly because the colonists believed that the government was interfering too greatly with the colonies? right to self-government. Nine colonies were represented in this assembly. The Sons of Liberty also protested what they perceived to be excessive interference in local affairs by Parliament, terrorizing British officials in charge of selling the hated stamps. Events like these served to strengthen the tradition of self-government that had become so deeply embedded in American society. The from of government specified by the Constitution seems to be a continuation of this tradition. First, the Constitution specifies a federal system of government, which gives each individual state the right to a government. Second, it specifies that each state shall be represented in both houses of Congress. The lower house, the House of Representative, furthermore, is to be directly elected by the people. If the Bill of Rights is considered, the religious aspect of the tradition becomes apparent. The First Amendment states, "Congress may make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof...," showing that, unlike the British government, the new US government had no intention of naming or supporting a state church or suppressing any religious denominations. In conclusion, the Constitution?s basic principles are directly related to the long tradition of self-rule and religious tolerance in colonial and revolutionary America.

The Right Way to Identify and Assess Risks. Hydroelectric Development vs. Irrigation Scheme

The Right Way to Identify and Assess Risks. Hydroelectric Development vs. Irrigation Scheme There can be no project without taking risks. Each idea presupposes dealing with certain difficulties, and implementing these ideas is doubtlessly a challenge.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Right Way to Identify and Assess Risks. Hydroelectric Development vs. Irrigation Scheme specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the fact that both Hydroelectric Development and Irrigation Scheme offer a fair assessment of the possible risks and provide a detailed account of the challenges that one can face in the course of putting these projects to practice, one of the two projects is definitely superior, which calls for conducting comparison between the two case studies. To start with, each of the projects identifies the risks which can be faced rather accurately. It is essential that each of them offers a table in which every possible risky occasion is considered. However, it seems that the Irrigation Scheme offers a better identification of risks, since it not only provides a detailed account of every risk involved, but also splits the risks into categories according to their types and, thus, provides a better estimation of the threats which the project can possibly face. The same can be said about the way the case studies quantify the risks. One must give credit to both case studies, since they offer a detailed description of the risks assessment and provide the risks percentage. Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that the Hydroelectric Development project offers the percentage of all possible costs in the summary of the hydro cost estimate, which makes it more comprehensible than the Irrigation Scheme. However, speaking of which case study is easier to understand, one has to admit that in the given case, numbers and rates are enough only to give the general idea of the situation which the authors of the projects face. For a better understanding of the situation specifics, hoverer, a more e xplicit description of the factors, the risks and the circumstances is required, which the Irrigation Scheme project provides in a much better way.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, it is worth mentioning that a good assessment presupposes considering the costs which the project can possibly spend. While Hydroelectric Development suggests only the table of the probable risks, Irrigation Scheme offers the information concerning the financial resources which the project will probably need. Such data as â€Å"Expected cost $20 million, standard deviation $3 million† is essential to fully realize the scale of risks. Finally, speaking of the risk assessment, one must mention that the Hydroelectric Development takes the winning position again, because it takes into account not only the inside factors, but also the outside ones, such as weather cond itions. In contrast to Hydroelectric Development, Irrigation Scheme provides only the information concerning the risks which come from within the project. Therefore, it can be considered that the Hydroelectric Development project is by far more compelling and offers much better analysis of the risk factors. In addition, the assessment offered by the above-mentioned project covers not only the major issues, but also the details, which altogether makes it much more plausible than the alternative. Once all the probable risks are properly evaluated, a project can be considered a success, which, as one can assume, is the case with the Hydroelectric Development. Although it is not clear yet which of the projects will prove more efficient, and the opinion in the given paper is based solely on the facts offered by the case studies, it can still be assumed that the Hydroelectric Development project is bound to take the first prize in the contest for a better risk evaluation.

The Complete List of Historically Black Colleges (Updated)

The Complete List of Historically Black Colleges (Updated) SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) have existed since Cheyney University in Pennsylvania was founded in 1837. Many well-known scholars, entrepreneurs, and entertainers have graduated from HBCUs, including Toni Morrison, Sean Combs, Thurgood Marshall, Martin Luther King, Jr., Taraji Henson, and Oprah Winfrey. Are you considering joining their ranks? This post will explaineverythingyou should know when deciding whether to attend an HBCU. In this article, I'll do the following: Define a historically black college Provide facts about HBCUs Detail possible pros and cons of attending an HBCU Give you the complete list of historically black colleges Advise you how to research HBCUs and other colleges Feature Image Credit: Adam Fagen/Flickr What Is a Historically Black College? A historically black college and university is defined in Title III of the Higher Education Act of 1965 as a school of higher learning that was accredited and established before 1964 and whose principal mission was the education of African-Americans. Today, HBCUs enroll mostly African-American students, but a full quarter of HBCUs across the US have at least a 20% non-Black student body. HBCU Facts There are public, private, and religious HBCUs. There are 2-year and 4-year HBCUs. HBCUs have â…› the size of endowments of predominantly white institutions. More than 75% of students at HBCUs are awarded Pell Grants. HBCUs are responsible for 22% of bachelor’s degrees awarded to African-Americans. According to the Network Journal, 40% of black members of Congress, 40% of black engineers, and 80% of black judges graduated from HBCUs. Pros and Cons of Attending an HBCU Tarica Chambliss, my dear friend whom I met when we lived in the same freshman dorm at Stanford, helped me with this section of the article by writing about the pros and cons of attending an HBCU. Tarica is uniquely qualified to advise students about the merits of an HBCU education because she attended both an HBCU and a PWI (predominantly white institution) during her undergraduate years. She graduated from Stanford and spent three years there, but she spent her junior year at HBCU Howard University in Washington DC. Furthermore, she also went to law school at Howard. Here are Tarica's opinions about the benefitsand drawbacksof attending an HBCU. Benefits of an HBCU Let's start with the pros of an HBCU education. Lower Tuition The average tuition at an HBCU tends to be lower than tuition at many PWIs. At a PWI with larger resources, you may be more likely to receive a scholarship to help out with (or even fully cover) your tuition. But if you don't receive a scholarship, going to an HBCU may be a good idea because the overall tuition cost is likely to be significantly lower. This will help you exit college with lower debt. Nurturing Professors Oftentimes at HBCUs the professors may be more accessible and more invested in your future than is the case at other schools. Studies have shown that when it comes to more technical majors and programs (ie. the sciences, pre-med programs, or engineering), students have a higher chance of sticking with these majors at HBCUs than they do at other colleges. This is perhaps because daily they see examples of African-Americans who have successfully completed these rigorous programs and end up having more opportunities for mentorship. In fact, many have advised that African-American students who are interested in science or other technical programs should at least get their undergraduate degrees from HBCUs because they will be more likely to actually become doctors or engineers if they have that foundation. Not Being Called On to Be a Representative At an HBCU, you're not the minority in your classes, so you're not called upon to represent the minority perspective. Whereas at PWIs, if an issue that is thought to disproportionately affect African-Americans comes up in class, you are often called upon to serve as the â€Å"expert† or to give the "African-American perspective." This can at times become annoying (you're there to learn, not teach), so it's nice to be in class at an HBCU where these types of issues do not come up because many of the students already share your experience. Cons And now for the negative aspects of attending an HBCU. Fewer Financial Resources The difference in resources between an HBCU and other schools can at times be stark. HBCUs have smaller endowments and less monetary alumni support to draw from so their resources are often not as robust as those of PWIs. This often results in the facilities not being as modern or sophisticated as those of many PWIs. Administrative Challenges Generally, the administration at HBCUs is notoriously inefficient. I definitely ended up waiting in much longer lines at my HBCU than I did at my PWIand often ended up waiting longer for checks to be disbursed. Again, this may be due to differences in resources (which naturally lead to staffing differences), but it was extremely stressful at times. Less Camaraderie At HBCUs, there can be less unity among the African-American students because the majority of students are African-American. At a PWI, the African-American students tend to band together and have more of a sense of camaraderie and mutual support. At my PWI, almost all of the African-American students knew each other (and to this day I am still friends with many of them). Most PWIs have a Black Student Union or other groups aimed at fostering unity and sense of family among African-American students. These groups are not as prominent at HBCUs because obviously the schools are predominantly African-American. My Additions I just wanted to add a few things I learned from my research and from friends and former students who attended HBCUs. A common criticism of HBCUs is that they lack diversity. While most HBCUs are predominantly African-American, there are often students from every different socioeconomic class, geographic region, and from many different countries.Keep in mind, though, that the level of diversity is different for each HBCU. Remember that not all HBCUs are the same. Employers and graduate school representatives tend to recruit from HBCUs in an effort to increase diversity in their companies and in higher education. Finally, many African-American students feel increased confidence and pride in their African-American identities by being around so many African-American college students and by being in classes that more often incorporate the African-American experience. The Complete List of Historically Black Colleges For this list, I only included accredited 4-year colleges. Most of these schools are in the South, but there areHBCUs in 20 states, Washington DC, and the Virgin Islands. Public universities are in bold. The acceptance rates and percentage of African-American students were reported by the schools for the previous academic year. Alabama School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Alabama A M University 51% 95% Alabama State University 54% 92% Concordia College-Selma 100% Not Reported Miles College 26% Not Reported Oakwood University 57% 85% Selma University 100% Not Reported Stillman College 44% 93% Talladega College 51% 89% Tuskegee University 41% 78% Arkansas School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Arkansas Baptist College 100% Not Reported Philander Smith College 52% Not Reported University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff 30% 93% California School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science 100% 32% Delaware School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Delaware State University 44% 75% District of Columbia School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Howard University 48% 91% University of the District of Columbia 93% 37% (DonkeyHotey/Flickr) Florida School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Bethune-Cookman University 64% 89% Edward Waters College 53% Not Reported Florida AM University 45% 94% Florida Memorial University 39% Not Reported Georgia School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Albany State University 47% 89% Clark Atlanta University 85% 87% Fort Valley State University 58% 94% Morehouse College 84% 95% Paine College 44% 91% Savannah State University 78% 88% Spelman College 54% 87% Kentucky School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Kentucky State University 48% 58% Simmons College of Kentucky Not Reported Not Reported Louisiana School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Dillard University 41% Not Reported Grambling State University 44% 91% Southern University and AM College 57% 93% Southern University at New Orleans 79% Not Reported Xavier University of Louisiana 66% 70% (J. Stephen Conn/Flickr) Maryland School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Bowie State University 54% 87% Coppin State University 54% 85% Morgan State University 40% 85% University of Maryland, Eastern Shore 61% 74% Mississippi School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Alcorn State University 78% 94% Jackson State University 69% 92% Mississippi Valley State University 16% 91% Rust College 39% 96% Tougaloo College 99% 97% Missouri School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Harris-Stowe State University 100% 83% Lincoln University of Missouri 54% 49% North Carolina School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Barber-Scotia College Not Reported Not Reported Bennett College 92% Not Reported Elizabeth City State University 52% 75% Fayetteville State University 50% 66% Johnson C. Smith University 42% 80% Livingstone College 64% 88% North Carolina AT State University 58% 81% North Carolina Central University 43% 83% St. Augustine's University 74% 95% Shaw University 59% 71% Winston-Salem State University 60% 72% (J. Stephen Conn/Flickr) Ohio School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Central State University 38% 95% Wilberforce University 38% 95% Oklahoma School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Langston University 46% 89% Pennsylvania School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Cheyney University of Pennsylvania 85% 86% Lincoln University 27% 81% South Carolina School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Allen University 72% 99% Benedict College 75% 99% Claflin University 44% 92% Morris College 62% 98% South Carolina State University 85% 95% Voorhees College 50% 98% Tennessee School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans American Baptist College 51% 97% Fisk University 20% 87% Lane College 43% 100% LeMoyne-Owen College 49% 99% Tennessee State University 52% 72% Texas School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Huston-Tillotson University 46% 70% Jarvis Christian College 42% 84% Paul Quinn College 90% 85% Prairie View AM University 39% 85% Southwestern Christian College Not Reported 82% Texas College 34% 85% Texas Southern University 51% 82% Wiley College 100% Not Reported Virginia School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Hampton University 29% 94% Norfolk State University 67% 83% Virginia State University 80% 85% Virginia Union University 24% 96% Virginia University of Lynchburg 100% Not Reported West Virginia School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans Bluefield State College 38% 10% West Virginia State University 41% 12% (Jerry "Woody"/Wikimedia) Virgin Islands School Acceptance Rate % of African-Americans University of the Virgin Islands 97% 72% University of the Virgin Islands-Kingshill Not Reported Not Reported How Should You Use This List? If you’re considering attending an HBCU, you should research the colleges that interest you on the list to determine if they’re schools you should apply to or attend. There are many factors to consider to determine if a college is a good fit for you including location, selectivity, support services, and the majors offered. Look at the school’s website, and use guidebooks,college finders, and search websitesto help you in the college selection process. If possible, consult with teachers, counselors, parents, current students, and alumni. To get a general idea of the reputations of different HBCUs, you can check out their US News rankings. Also,Big Future and College View allow you to search for HBCUs and other qualities you’re looking for in a college. Finally, you can attend an HBCU college fair or tour to learn more about specific HBCUs. What's Next? If you're worried about college costs, read about how to pay for college and how to pay for college without loans. Before you finalize your list of schools that you're going to apply to, make sure you know about reach and safety schools. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Business case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business analysis - Case Study Example The study revealed that the new e-commerce platform of Quill sells technologies and services required for establishing a new website independently. The major eight factors are ubiquity, universal standards, global reach, richness, information, density, interactivity, personalization and social technology. Considering the ethical aspects and other customer requirements it is strongly recommended that Quill.com should develop the platform in different language to cater to a mass segment. Staples Inc. is regarded as one of the largest office items providers, which owns about 2000 stores in more than 25 world countries (â€Å"About us†). It is engaged in selling machines, furniture and other supplies for offices. In 1998, the company acquired Quill Corporation for expanding business. Quill Corporation sells products including office machines and furniture, along with school items. In 2001, Staples decided to integrate its website with that of the subsidiaries, which is how Quill.com had come into existence (â€Å"About us†). Quill is a subsidiary of Staples Inc, which has already entered into e-commerce business in 2001 by way of providing office items to customers. However, Quill under the governance of Staples Inc has established a new online shop on 2nd May, 2014 (â€Å"Quill.com opens an e-commerce technology shop†). Being unsatisfied with the limited sells of office supplies, Quill.com serves all requirements of small sized businesses while operating e-commerce sites through the new online shop. The company has engaged its customers through digital marketing (â€Å"Quill.com opens an e-commerce technology shop†). Quill.com has an established e-commerce business, where it sells office requirements like, furniture, machines and essential items, which are required in schools and colleges (â€Å"Quill.com opens an e-commerce technology shop†). The company has recently introduced an online shopping experience for customers, where it

Buying Decision Making Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Buying Decision Making Process - Essay Example Of those self-purchases, nearly 20 percent would likely buy diamond stud earrings, right-hand rings and other diamond fashion rings for themselves. Jewellery purchase is primarily by women and most of them are self-purchased and this makes the women a prime target segment required to be convinced to make the purchase. This has served as an eye-opener for the industry that sidelined women in their target advertising. The power of the female consumer has changed the way many companies are branding and positioning their products in the marketplace. Recognising the purchasing power of women has changed consumer marketing into a revolution that even traditionally male consumers in areas such as financial services, home improvement and automotive are wooing women buyers. In order to reach their target segment, companies are starting to seriously examine the lifestyles of women and come up with solutions that cater to their desires and needs. Today, it's all about individualism and personal style, wearing what works for you. It's an attitude of casualness, instead of looking too polished or too studied. Women do cater their cultural originalities and like subtle deviations from it rather than complete diversifications. Similarly, a trend is set and becomes popular and those designs and specifications reign until something else becomes the norm and the whole cyclic process is repeated. Jewellery trade is all about catering to current demands and trends, vintage designs come and go in seasons and demands are cyclical and move with the times. Jewellery purchase is a very personal decision by an individual consumer. The consumers may be of three buying types. The Impulsive Buyer who purchases products quickly, often the purchase is not premeditated and there is little or no analysis involved. Impulsive purchases are generally lower in value compared to premeditated ones. The easiest way to conclude them will be to make available products where they visually catch the eye. Point-of-service displays that attract the eye, instant discounts, sale prices and mass advertising often help in the sale of these products. This is probably attuned to the less-than-J500 impulsive shopper for whom it is an on-the-spot decision to make a purchase and does not involve too much analysis. The Patient Buyer purchases the product after some comparisons and has put in some thought to the purchase. Analytical Buyers do substantial research before buying and the purchase is definitely premeditated. The shopping done may be Utilitarian, meaning with a purpose or Hedonic, for just fun purposes. In the case of jewellery, the patient and analytical buyers who are mostly by women, mostly for self and, a good percentage of them end in high-end sales. This makes it important for the jewellery shops to lure the women into making purchases at their store by using the right marketing gimmick. The major process in decision-making would primarily begin with need identification. This may be a genuine demand for a special occasion like weddings etc, or a simple need for indulgence, a gift or a simply an impulsive buy. This may vary depending on age, ethnicity, education, and purchasing power and price of the product. It could also be influenced by word-of mouth, by friends and family, by the advertising campaigns, branding, social or economical

Statistics MT Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Statistics MT - Speech or Presentation Example Hence, the 95% confidence interval for the population mean using the Students t-test is given by, In such cases, the placement of the central tendencies are Mean 5. the positively skewed cumulative distribution curves are characterized by a concentration of mass on the left-hand side of the curve. Such a curve is drawn in the side diagram. Quite clearly, since the median considers the mid-point of the curve and the mean of the curve is actually the weighted mean, considering the frequencies with which each observed value appears, the mean has a greater value than the median in this case. Thus, the rational agent will accept the mean salary of major league baseball players, rather than the median salary. 6. The decision to eliminate an applicant could be taken only after studying the percentage mean of their test marks and the variations of the marks obtained in each test from the population mean value, which is measured by the standard deviation of the observations from the mean. The higher the population mean and lower the standard deviation are, the better is the situation considered. In fact, a high standard deviation implies a lower consistency in activities and thus the situation which displays the highest value, is considered as the worst one. In this particular case, it is found that the test results of Applicant 3 has the highest standard deviation and thus he is the one ho should be eliminated. = (800/2000) x 100 = 40%. From the normal table it is known that at 95% confidence interval using to-tailed tests, the value of the standard normal variate is 1.96. Hence, the formula to calculate the 95 percent confidence interval about the true population percentage

Assessment, Diagnosis, and Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assessment, Diagnosis, and Research - Assignment Example Clinically, identification and evaluation of available resources are instigated in the assessment process (Vacc & Loesch, 2000). In typical function, assessment is foremost action towards therapeutic interventions. It is primarily employed in the aim of â€Å"screening for...psychopathology, treatment planning, and monitoring of (psychological) progress† (Krishnamurthy et al., 2004, p. 727). In the instance of inadequate assessment, the whole counselling activity is rendered unreliable. Illustrated in the case of geriatric clients in depressive states, some counsellors may mistake related symptoms as normal in the aging process (Benek-Higgins, McReynolds, Hogan, & Savickas, 2008). If properly assessed, conceptualizing the case can be more accurate, resulting in effective therapies and improved health status. Otherwise, clients may further suffer, as experts pass such conditions as natural. Upon complete clinical inquiry and screening, the next step is diagnosis. Black and Andr easen (n.d., pp. 4-5) provided a list of purposes that diagnosis performs, such as create an organized body of thought regarding complicated clinical events, â€Å"help predict outcome...choose an appropriate treatment...search for pathophysiology and etiology.† Diagnostic procedures make it possible for coordinating assessment data with existing diagnostic systems.